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AIM: This study aimed to examine the association of job-related stressors and insomnia; to determine the association of psychological capital and insomnia; and to explore whether psychological capital mediates the association between job-related stressors and insomnia among Chinese nurses. DESIGN: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey. METHODS: The STROBE statement was utilized to guide the study. A total of 810 nurses from one tertiary grade hospital in Shan Dong Province, China, were recruited for the present study and a total of 658 valid questionnaires were obtained (effective recovery rate: 81.2%). The study survey consisted of demographic variables, psychological capital, job stress and insomnia. Descriptive analysis, independent-samples T-test, one-way analysis of variance, stratified regression analysis, Pearson correlation analyses, ordinary least-squares regression and the bootstrap method were used to analyse data. RESULTS: Findings of the study determined that demographic, work-related, behavioural and work setting (i.e. working hours, chronic disease, negative life events, smoking behaviour and night shift) factors were differentially associated with experiences of insomnia. The empirical study showed that psychological capital had statistically significant mediating effects between job stressors and insomnia. PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: This study explored the factors associated with nurses' psychological job stressors and insomnia. Some of the associated factors could be used for the prevention and mitigation of psychosocial dysfunction among nurses. This study found nurses in surgery, emergency department, ICU, working >40 h a week, with chronic illness, experiencing negative life events, shift work and high effort, high overcommitment and low reward had higher scores of insomnia respectively. The results of this study also showed that reward was correlated with the increase of psychological capital, and the increase of psychological capital was correlated with the decrease of insomnia in nurses. On the contrary, effort and overcommitment decreased psychological capital, and then increased insomnia among nurses. These findings have important implications for future research and policy interventions to improve sleep quality of nurses and enhance nurses' health and patients' safety. This study significantly suggests that improving nurses' psychological capital is a potential way to help nurses improve sleep quality when psychosocial job stressors are difficult external environment to change.
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AIM: To explore the relationships among self-efficacy, information literacy, social support and career success of clinical nurses and identify factors influencing clinical nurses' career success in northwestern China. BACKGROUND: Understanding the influencing factors of career success is important for the professional development of nurses and the improvement of clinical nursing quality. Many influencing factors of career success have been identified, but there is no large-scale research on the relationships among self-efficacy, information literacy, social support and career success of clinical nurses based on Kaleidoscope Career Model. Studies examining the association of the four factors remain limited. METHODS: A total of 3011 clinical nurses from 30 hospitals in northwestern China were selected in the cross-sectional survey, and the response rate was 94.71%. The clinical nurses completed the online self-report questionnaires including self-efficacy, information literacy, social support rating scale and career success scale. The data were analysed by SPSS23.0 statistical software using t test, analysis of variance, Pearson's correlation and multiple linear regression. Structural equation model (SEM) was used to analyse the influencing factors of career success using Mplus 8.3. RESULTS: The career success of clinical nurses in northwestern China was at a medium level. The linear multivariate regression analysis showed that self-efficacy (ß = .513), social support (ß = .230), information support (ß = .106), information consciousness (ß = -.097), information knowledge (ß = .067), information ethics (ß = -.053), hospital grade (ß = .118), marital status (ß = -.071) and age (ß = -.037) entered regression equation of clinical nurses' career success (all P < .05). SEM results showed that the career success was negatively correlated with demographic characteristics and positively correlated with social support and self-efficacy. CONCLUSION: Demographic characteristics, self-efficacy, social support and information literacy are the influencing factors of nurses' career success, which should be considered in the process of promoting nurses' career success. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: Nursing managers need to acknowledge the significance of nurses' career success both for the realization of their own value and for the improvement of clinical nursing quality. They should encourage nurses to enhance self-efficacy and render more social support through incentive policies and foster nurses' information literacy through information technology training so as to improve their career success.
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Motivação , Autoeficácia , China , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
PURPOSE: This study aims to explore the incidence of hypoglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the influence of hypoglycemia on the specific quality of life in T2DM patients. METHODS: It was a comparative cross-sectional study consisting of 519 T2DM patients in Xi'an, China and patients were investigated by self-reported hypoglycemia and specific quality of life questionnaires from September 2019 to January 2020. Descriptive analysis, t-test, Chi-square test, hierarchical regression analysis and stepwise multiple regression analysis were applied to assess the influence of hypoglycemia on the specific quality of life. RESULTS: The incidence of hypoglycemia in T2DM patients was 32.18%. The mean score of specific quality of life in diabetes without hypoglycemia was 57.33 ± 15.36 and was 61.56 ± 17.50 in those with hypoglycemia, which indicated that hypoglycemia had a serious impact on the quality of life of diabetics (t = - 5.172, p = 0.000). In the Univariate analysis of specific quality of life, age, education background, marital status, living status, duration of diabetes, monthly income per capita were independent and significant factors associated with specific quality of life of two groups of T2DM patients (p < 0.05). In the hierarchical regression analysis, the duration of the diabetes more than 11 years and the frequency of hypoglycemia more than 6 times in half a year entered the equation of specific quality of life of 519 diabetics respectively (p < 0.001). In multiple linear regression analysis, age, marital status and income all entered the regression equation of quality of life of the two groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Hypoglycemia will have a serious impact on the quality of life of T2DM patients. In order to improve the living quality in diabetics, effective measurements should be taken to strengthen the management of blood glucose and to avoid hypoglycemia.
